Journal of Cytology & Histology

Ten mature virgin rabbit does (4-5 months old) with mean weight of 2.4 kg were induced to ovulate; by intramuscular injection of HCG (50-70 IU). The day of induction was considered 0 days. Uteri were obtained from 14 h, 3, 7, 18 days post induction. At first stage of pseudopregnancy; the two uteri became hyperemic and slightly swollen. The uterine epithelium and endometrial glands epithelium were of columnar type with oval basal nuclei. The endometrial glands were few in number and small in size. The endometrial glands showed apocrine activity. The uterus had six longitudinal folds and the uterine epithelium form crypts. The endometrium had slight vascularization. At middle stage of pseudopregnancy, the two uteri became hyperemic and more swollen. This stage characterized by; mucosal folding, glandular formation, epithelial proliferation and thickening of the uterine wall. At last stage of pseudopregnancy; the two uteri became flaccid and more swollen. This stage characterized by dramatic changes in the uterine architecture in the form of: increased epithelial proliferation and crypt formation increase the complexity of luminal folding, increase in length, size and abundance of the uterine endometrial glands, increase in the uterine micro vascular development (increased abundance of the large microvessels and development of subepithelial capillary plexuses). Tunica vascularis could be demonstrated between the inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle fibers of the myometrium at the all stages of psedopregnancy. Telocytes with its characteristic morphology could be demonstrated in the myometrium of the rabbit uterus during pseudopregnancy. Cell-specific immuno-localization of progesterone receptors alpha (PRA) in the rabbit uterus during pseudopregnancy revealed that, there were mild, moderate and strong nuclear PRA immunostaining in the endometrial epithelial cells, endometrial glands and in the smooth muscles fibers of the myometrium of the first, middle and last stages of pseudopregnancy respectively. The present study revealed that the morphological, histological and immunohistochemical changes in the rabbit uterus during pseudopregnancy resembled that occurred during early stage of pregnancy. These changes were characterized by dramatic changes in the uterine architecture in the form of: increased epithelial proliferation and crypt formation increase the complexity of luminal folding, increase in length, size and abundance of the uterine endometrial glands, increase in the uterine microvascular development. These uterine changes were accompanied with PRA immunolocalization in the uterine tissues.

Alterations in hormone levels during menopause affect cognitive function and brain chemistry. Stem cell therapy in nervous system disorders is a growing field. The present research aimed to compare the effect of MSCs with that of estradiol benzoate or avosoya on the cerebellum of ovariectomized rats. Fifty eight adult female Wistar albino rats were classified into five groups. Control group (Group I) and four ovariectomized groups. Group II (ovariectomized rats received no treatment), Group III (injected subcutaneously with estradiol benzoate), Group IV (received avosoya orally) and Group V (treated with human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells [HUCBMSCs]). Cerebellar sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and cresyl fast violet. Immunoperoxidase reaction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), estrogen receptor beta (Erβ) and Bax protein was also done. HUCBMSCs homing in rat cerebellum were detected by human albumin gene. Antioxidant enzyme levels were also measured in cerebellum homogenate. Decreased density of neurons in the three cortical layers with vacuolations and distorted Purkinje cells with pyknotic nuclei were observed in Group II. Group III cerebellar cortex showed normal architecture but some Purkinje cells had pyknotic nuclei. Group IV showed normal neuronal cells in the three cortical layers. Group V Purkinje cells were pyriform with vesicular nuclei, and basophilic cytoplasm. Small rounded cells with deeply stained nuclei appeared in the granular layer. In conclusion: estradiol benzoate and avosoya improve ovariectomy-induced cerebellar alteration, and MSCs show promising results in this field.

Objective: This study aimed to compare cytomorphology of ThinPrep Papanicolaou (TP PAP) method with the macroscopic-microscopic findings of the nodules on fresh thyroidectomy specimens. Study Design: A total of 75 thyroid surgical specimens were included in our study. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) of specimens was performed by a pathologist. Aspirate was taken into TP liquid and stained with PAP. We defined cytological findings, compatible with macroscopic-microscopic findings. Results: In cytologic evaluation 108 nodules were diagnosed benign, while 18 nodules were malignant and 2 cystic nodules were insufficient. Cytological diagnosis was compatible with histologically benign a total of 110 nodules, and 18 malignant nodules. Nuclear groove/irregular nuclear membrane, nuclear overlap/crowding, nuclear enlargement, nuclear pseudoinclusion, pale/fine chromatin are determined as statistically significant cytological parameters in malignant cases. Conclusion: FNAB and the histo-morphological and TP PAP cytological slides were evaluated by pathologists at every stage of biopsy process. It is clearly understood how important it is to obtain adequate cells from the benign or malignant thyroid nodules with this method. Although controversial opinions among the cytopathologists regarding t