Journal of Cytology & Histology

For a long time, histology has been a well-established, fundamental part of many biomedical curricula. As it provides a bridge from the macroscopic field of gross anatomy to the molecular sciences such as biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology, histology constitutes a central link between the visible and the submicroscopic dimension. In addition, by contrasting normal tissue structures and functions with changes seen under disease conditions it serves as a gateway to pathology. Histology as a scientific field and as an educational subject has always relied on technology, initially the introductions of reliable, high-quality light microscopes about 150 years ago. This enabled students and researchers to analyze tissues and cell structures at an increasingly smaller scale.

Background: Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most effective antineoplastic drugs used for the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the nephrotoxic effect of CP limits its clinical use. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of misoprostol (MP) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Material & Methods: Twenty four male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (control, cisplatintreated, misoprostol-treated and combined misoprostol and cisplatin-treated). Group II rats were treated with CP single i.p. dose of 7.5mg/kg on 5th day. Group III Rats were treated with oral MP at a dose of 200μg/kg/day for nine days. Group IV rats were treated with single oral dose of 200μg/kg/day MP for nine consecutive days and injected with CP single i.p. dose (7.5mg/kg) on 5th day. Body weight of rats was recorded on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th. days. On the 10th day, the rats were anesthetized by ether and scarified. Blood samples were obtained to determine creatinine and BUN levels. Body weight, Kidney weight & body weight/kidney weight ratio were calculated. Specimens of rats’ kidneys were prepared for both light and electron microscopic examinations.

Aim of the work: The nutrition of developing countries are rapidly changed and associated with high incidence
of obesity as well as the metabolic syndrome and type 2diabetes. There is an increased intake of high caloric foods
rich in refined carbohydrates, fats and red animal proteins instead of low caloric foods rich in fibers and containing
low fats. This study aimed at the evaluation of effect of animal fats on the diabetic rats.
Material and methods: This study was performed on forty eight albino rats (their body weight was 190 ± 10
grams) divided equally into four groups. Two groups (III & IV) were given intravenous streptozotocin in a concentration
of 60 mg /Kg. B.W. for three days in order to induce diabetes through the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells.
Non-diabetic rats (group I) were given the laboratory diet (LD) while the non-diabetic second group of rats received
an emulsion rich in fat. Third group diabetic animals were fed on the laboratory diet (LD) while group IV diabetic
rats were received high-fat (HF) emulsion in the same dosage as group II. C-peptide (ng/ml), blood glucose (mg/
dl), serum triglycerides (TG; mmol/l) and total cholesterol (TC; mmol/l) were assessed before the beginning of this
experiment and also once every two weeks for four months in non-fasted diabetic and non diabetic counterparts.
Moreover, kidneys and liver were examined histopathologically to detect fatty intracellular accumulation and any
other changes.

Objective: This study was undertaken to study the correlation between imprint cytology, crush smears
and histopathology in endobronchial growths using fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology at Sher-i-Kashmir
Institute of Medical Sciences. Eighty-one patients with clinical and radiological evidences of lung lesions were
enrolled. From all patients five pieces of tissue were obtained during fiberoptic broncoscopy which revealed an
endobronchial growth. From each bit of tissue an imprint and crush smear were prepared by imprinting the tissue on
a clean surface of glass slide without compressing the tissue while as crush smear was made by gently crushing the
tissue between two glass slides. The tissue specimens were then placed in formaldehyde solution for histological
examination. Standard statistical methods were used to analyze the data (chi-square (χ2) analysis; a Fisher’s
exact test was used to evaluate the data if more than 25% of the expected values were <5). The level of significance
selected was P<0.05.

Poultry production is of great economic importance nowadays and it is important to constantly improve the production quality. In this context, the bird growth and adequate bone development are necessary for successful production. In this paper we evaluate the expression of VEGF and its importance in the osteogenesis process in embryonic and fetal tissues of Gallus gallus domesticus at different gestational ages. We observed that the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is essential in the formation of cartilaginous tissue and bone in the embryo and fetus of Gallus gallus domesticus.

Breast Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) show a high degree of architectural heterogeneity and what kind of DCIS
lesions will progress to invasive disease remains unknown. Thus, its characterization remains a complex process.
In addition, in the same tumor we can find different types of lesions that presented different biological behaviour
and morphology. Carbohydrate expression changes play crucial roles in carcinogenesis of the breast, becoming the
study these changes a useful tool for an accurate predictor. In this context, this work aimed analyzed the differential
expression of specific carbohydrates among the DCIS lesion through lectin histochemistry and its correlation with
its behaviors. Glycobiology expression of 218 DCIS samples of human breast cancer was investigated by MAL-II,
PNA, WGA, PHA-L and SNA lectins. MAL-II was more expressed (p=0.0191) in cribriform (positive in 100%) than
in comedo (positive in 41.2%) and solid lesions (p=0.0440). However, PNA profile showed a higher reactivity in
comedo (p=0.0052) and micropapillary (p=0.0010) lesions when compared to solid one. The other lectins showed
different expression degrees in all lesions analyzed but none was statistically relevant. Our results revels different
carbohydrate patterns concerning different DCIS morphological subtypes indicating that these lesions could act as
independent biological entities.

Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a rare variety of the common acinar adenocarcinoma. It usually presents
with obstructive symptoms and at cystoscopy is seen as an exophytic lesion at the area of the verumontanum. It
accounts for less than 1% of all prostate cancers.
We present the case of a 53 year old male who was diagnosed with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate
after undergoing elective transurethral resection of the prostate. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the nature of the
tumour. The patient underwent a radical prostatectomy, however histopathology showed extensive extraprostatic
extension.
Men with prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma have a worse prognosis than men with prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma
thus, early diagnosis and aggressive management is indicated, even with low-volume metastatic disease.