Journal of Cytology & Histology

Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma (ESMC) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma, of which its histopathologic and cytogenetic features have been thoroughly examined; however, limited reports on the description of the cytologic findings are present within the literature. We report a case of ESMC with typical cytomorphologic and histopathologic features, and cytogenetic confirmation with expression of a variant translocation. A 75 year-old male presented with a large slow-growing right arm mass discovered on imaging studies upon initial work-up. Cytologic imprint preparations of image-guided needle core biopsies demonstrated groups of a monotonous population of round to oval cells, some with grooves, embedded within a myxoid-appearing stroma. Chromosome analysis performed on incisional biopsy tissue displayed the t (9:17) instead of the more common t (9:22) translocation, and resection of the mass provided additional histologic and immunophenotypic confirmation of the diagnosis. Although ESMC has distinctive cytologic features, these are not entirely specific, and ancillary cytogenetic studies can aid in confirmation of diagnosis resulting in the best-possible (and perhaps in the near-future, more individualized) treatment of these myxoid tumors.

Tubercular dactylitis is an extremely rare entity. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting for the first time tuberculosis of phalanx along with cutaneous nodule and lymph nodes in an immunocompetent patient even in absence of a detectable primary focus. A 35 year old male presented with a hard swelling in proximal phalanx of left ring finger. He had a cutaneous nodule on right index finger and enlarged epitrochlear and axillary lymph nodes on the ipsilateral side. In X- Ray, a lytic lesion destroying whole proximal phalanx was seen with chest X- Ray being normal. HIV ELISA was negative. Cytology from cutaneous nodule and lymph nodes depicted the picture of a granulomatous lesion. Biopsy, culture of bone tissues and polymerase chain reaction confirmed the lesions to be tubercular. Tubercular dactylitis along with other tubercular lesions is an extremely rare condition and the lesions must be differentiated from other granulomatous conditions to advocate specific therapy.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is well established procedure in the diagnosis and management of breast lesions in women. However, it is underutilized procedure for the management of male breast lesions. Gynecomastia is the most common male breast disorder. The incidence of breast carcinoma in men is low, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers and less than 1.5% of all malignancies in men [1-3]. Multiple distant cutaneous metastases from male breast carcinoma are rare finding. In the English language literature few references are present about this subject, and very few are reported on cytology [4,5]. We herein present a case of multiple remote papulonodular cutaneous metastases from breast carcinoma in a 47-year-old man.

Pesticides are one of the most alarming toxic substances that are deliberately added to our environment. Food and agricultural organization (FAO) has defined the term pesticide as: Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying or controlling any pest including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs or substances which may be administered to animals for control of insects, arachnids or other pests in or on their bodies [1]. But it is a matter of concern that along with the pests, they prove harmful to many other living beings on this planet as well as human beings including newborns [2]. CARBARYL, a synthetic 1-napthyl-N-methyl carbamate is being used extensively or its broad-spectrum activity in commercial agriculture, poultry, livestock, home and garden pest control. It was the most frequently detected carbamate in juice samples studied [3]. Thorough scanning reveals that there is dearth of literature regarding the histopathological changes in liver associated with administration of carbaryl which has prompted us to initiate this study as liver plays an important role in the first pass metabolism of carbaryl. The present study was conducted on 40 albino rats. The adult albino rats (150-200 gm) were injected with 200 mg/ kg body weight of carbaryl intrapeitoneally, five days a week for 30 days. Controls were maintained. There was a significant increase in weight of the experimental rats recorded before the onset of the experiment & prior to their sacrifice (p<0.001) as compared to the controls. The rats were sacrificed within 24 hours of the last injection. The blocks of the liver were prepared for section cutting with a microtome by paraffin wax embedding method. Sections of 5-7 μm thickness were cut and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. In the study, the histomorphological changes, in the liver of Carbaryl treated rats was significantly different from that of the normal and the control rats. The disheveled pattern of the one cell thick orderly arrangement of hepatocytic cords, evidence of increased cellular metabolism co-existent with ballooning degeneration, councilman bodies, inflammatory infiltrate around the portal triads along with the dilatation of the blood vessels and the bile canaliculi were seen as signs of degeneration. B enucleated hepatocytes were suggestive of regenerative attempts by the degenerative cells. These findings are highly conclusive of toxic hepatitis induced by an insecticide, Carbaryl.

Introduction: Glucosamine (GA), a water soluble hexosamine made from chitin or chitosan, was showed to have stimulatory effect on matrix formation, enhancing inflammatory response, modulating hyaluronic acid synthesis which promotes extracellular matrix remodeling leading to better wound healing. GA was also shown to have antioxidant and immunomodulatory effect which play roles in wound healing process. In this study we aimed to determine the effect of topical administration of GA on wound healing process in rats as animal model. Material and methods: 36 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups; the control group which received no treatment; the Glucosamine group that received GA gel with 2% GA concentration, and the Base group that was treated with the vehicle. A 1 cm full-thickness wound was created on the posterior of each rat’s neck. Treatments took place every 24 hours for 15 days. The wound closure rate, volume density of collagen bundles and vessels, fibroblast population, length density and mean diameter of the vessels were estimated by using unbiased stereological and histomorphometrical methods. Results: GA enhanced the wound closure rate consequently as well as fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis and proliferation of hair follicles in contrast with the base and the control group. Although not statistically significant, GA also improved the revascularization process in the wound site. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that GA has the potential for being used for treatment of skin wounds; however, still further evaluations on its mechanisms of action and clinical advantages and disadvantages should be performed.

Objectives: Subcutaneous tissue is an uncommon site of metastasis. Overall it can be seen in 0.8-4% of the malignancies. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a method for the diagnosis of subcutaneous metastasis and to exclude other differential diagnoses such as primary cutaneous tumors or inflammatory process. In this study we want to report our experience with Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) of subcutaneous metastasis in 25 patients with known malignancy. Study design: During 3 years, among more than 10000 cytology cases, we had 25 patients with different types of malignancy who were referred with subcutaneous nodules. FNA was performed. Results: In these 25 patients, there were 15 males and 10 female patients (22-80 years of age). Most common malignancy was breast cancer and the most common site of metastasis was subcutaneous tissue of chest wall. FNAC was 100% accurate for the diagnosis of subcutaneous metastasis. There were no false positive and false negative cases. Discussion and conclusion: FNAC is an accurate, noninvasive and fast method for the diagnosis of subcutaneous metastasis in the patients with a known malignancy without any complication.