Journal of Cytology & Histology

Routine 5 μm H&E-stained histologic bone sections were utilized to investigate the capability of histomorphometry for determining bone marrow cellularity in commercial broiler chickens. Bone marrow mean pixel density was measured using the NIH ImageJ software program and the results for binary digital images were compared to corresponding results for actual bone marrow cell counts and cellular density scoring. A total of 220 bone marrow samples from femur and tibia obtained from broiler chickens, aged from hatch to 42 days were investigated. The average and standard deviation for all density measurements was 117 ± 26 pixels, for all cell counts 312 ± 124 cells per grid field and for all density scores 3.4 ± 0.8. Bone marrow density measurements from binary digital images and cellularity counts were highly correlated (correlation coefficient +0.83). Although more subjective semi quantitative density scoring procedures produced similar and significant age-associated profiles, the scoring results had a lower correlation with density (+0.59) and with cell counts (correlation +0.64). The density method provides a rapid approach for the evaluation of bone marrow cellularity using routine bone marrow histologic sections, standard microscopy, free software, and archived specimens. New bone marrow data are reported on age-associated changes occurring in the bone marrow of broiler chickens raised in a commercial environment.

Background: Sarcoma (Greek origin meaning “flesh”) is a heterogeneous group of rare tumors of mesenchymal cell origin affecting approximately 1% of all adult malignancies. Tumour grade has been proposed as an essential factor in the staging of patients with soft tissue sarcomas. Histopathologic grading by French Federation of Cancer Centres (FNCLCC) is widely accepted and applicable to all types of soft tissue sarcomas, it includes criteria for grading tumour differentiation, mitotic count and pattern of tumour necrosis. By this grading system advent of metastasis, prognosis and survival rate can be evaluated.

Aims and objectives: To determine median age, gender, site, histological grades of soft tissue sarcoma according to FNCLCC. To know prevalence of various soft tissue sarcoma in MY hospital. To study the reproducibility of FNCLCC grading system, by comparing results of different pathologist .To get reliable prognostic information by this grading system.

Materials and methods: It is a retrospective and prospective study done over a period of 5 years in M.Y. Hospital. Total 112 cases of soft tissue sarcoma were taken. Soft tissue sarcoma was diagnosed on the basis of CT scan, MRI and were confirmed by histopathological examination and grading was done by FNCLCC. Age, Gender distribution, site, histological type and grading were evaluated and correlated. The results of different observers were compared and evaluated.

Result: In this study we found that the most common age group was 41 yrs-50 yrs with males predominance. The most common site was lower limb and most common type was Osteosarcoma followed by fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, PNET, liposarcoma, mesenchymal sarcoma and others type of soft tissue sarcoma. However, agreement was found in the grading of tumour and commonest grade was Grade II.

Conclusion: French Federation of Cancer Centres (FNCLCC) was better system for grading of soft tissues sarcomas as reproducibility of grading soft tissue sarcomas is good. By this grading system we get reliable information about disease diagnosis, prognosis, advent of metastasis, patient survival rate by post chemo and radio therapy monitoring, risk of relapse assessment and treatment pattern.

Surgery is now an acceptable, and in many cases the only, treatment option for carefully selected infants and children with intractable severe epilepsy, including infantile spasms (ISS) (Engel, 1996; Mathern et al., 1999; Peacock et al., 1996; Sisodiya, 2000; Wyllie et al., 1996). The specimens obtained from such procedures have provided neuropathologists with novel brain tissues that may provide clues to the pathogenesis of ISS as well as epileptic syndromes.

The morphology of fungi in the Zoopagaceae and Cochlonemataceae (Zoopagales, Zoopagomycotina,Zygomycota) is reviewed, and some new ultrastructural information on conidia and zygospores, as well as haustoria and vegetative thalli in the former, is added. In ultrathin sections, the cell wall of Acaulopage dichotoma, Ac. tetraceros, Stylopage cephalote, Zoophagus insidians, and Zph. tentaclum (Zoopagaceae), as well as Cochlonema odontosperma and Endocochlus gigas, is known to be composed of outer electron-dense and inner less dense layers, and no additional cell walls were found Although two nuclei were discovered in the zygosporangium before maturation to the zygospore in Acaulopage rhaphidospora, more than one nucleus had never been observed in an ultrathin section of a zygospore in either of these families.