Journal of Biodiversity & Endangered Species

Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees adapted to salty and brackish water environment. The decline of mangrove areas due to over-exploitation and unsustainable use has been a worldwide catastrophe. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the distribution and abundance of mangrove species which will serve as a baseline data for future research. The study was conducted at the landward, middle ward and seaward zones of Cagbaoto, Bayabas, Surigao del Sur where it employed a purposive sampling method. The study revealed 8 species of mangrove belonging to 8 families. It had shown that Acanthus ebracteatus was the highest in terms of species abundance (30.43%) and Aegiceras floridum was the lowest (1.45%). Bruguira cylindrica and Exoecaria agalloca were found across all zones but there were also species that only grow on seaward zone. Based on the study, it can be concluded that there were specific species that dominated in terms of their abundance on each zone and evidently shown their distribution across all zones.

Within the backdrop of almost total failure of the conventional and physical fence with the number of deaths due to humanelephant conflict and elephant-train collision are of at a higher it is well clear that the belief that it is a myth that management of the problem needs novel approaches. The elephant is a giant and intelligent animal, who is observed to be learned through experience may not be confined to an area using a physical barrier, mostly built even not considering the age-old elephant passes. Hence the human habitats including highways should be pre-planned as per an overall strategy so that natural resources strategically assigned for each party so that the natural habitat is least disturbed. Hence envisage the requirement of a virtual elephant fence as a part of the aforesaid carefully designed overall strategy to make the elephant be warned that an area is not appropriate to be or best for the safety of the herd. The present study involved indepth experimentation of intra-stimuli on real elephants and known elephant responses to such stimuli with anticipation. The proposed is an autonomous system that detects the presence of elephants, alarms the concerned, and coordinatively and tactically repels animals back to safer areas. The resulting insight may perhaps lay the basis for a novel management approach towards the human- elephant conflict and elephant-train collisions.

Striped hyaena is one of the least studied large carnivores of Nepal. A pugmark was recorded from an altitude of 2136 meters from sea level in Salyan district, which is the new altitudinal record to Nepal. It was recorded nearby a human settlement and the local people also acknowledged that the species has been continuously occupying the particular study area since long back.

A systematic checklist of fishes of Kendrapara district of Odisha, India was provided. A total of 63 species of fishes under 44 genera, 25 families and 8 orders has been recorded. Highest species diversity was observed in the Cyprinidae (33.3%) followed by Bagridae (7.9%). The fish fauna includes 49 least concern (LC), 5 near threatened (NT), 2 data deficient (DD) and 7 not assessed (NA) as per IUCN. The fish fauna is a composite of primary freshwater fishes, estuarine fishes and widely distributed forms. The present finding indicates that Kendrapara district is blessed with diverse fish fauna including numerous economically important food fishes and ornamental fishes. Fishery status shows existence of 44 species worth for capture fishery, 45 species for ornamental, 21 species for culture and 10 species worth for sports fishery. Water quality of the rivers and creek of the district are not contaminated as the value of pH and DO are within the tolerance limit of class ‘D’. The water quality of the river is considered suitable for fish culture and wildlife propagation.

AForest ecosystems play a significant role in the biodiversity conservation, in regulating climate protection of hydrological services, and in regulating climate. Poor management of forest that leads the distraction of wood species diversity. The study was carried out to quantify the woody plant diversity and population structure in Alemsaga Forest, South Gondar zone. Collection of vegetation data was made using a systematic sampling method; laying six transect lines with 500 m apart and 54 quadrants 20 m X 20 m established 200 m distance to each other along the transect lines. Abundance, DBH and heights of all woody species were recorded within 400 m2 for trees, 25 m2 for sapling and 1 m2 for seedling. The ShannonWiener diversity index was computed to describe the woody species diversity. One way ANOVA was used to test the significance difference of diversity indices along altitude. A total of 66 woody plant species belong to 42 families were identified, which had 2.51±0.28 and 0.94±0.25 mean value of diversity indices and evenness respectively. Both diversity and evenness decreased with increased of altitude. The population structure and regeneration of forest was inverted J shape. This study provides important information about their regeneration status in order to develop management approaches, and protecting threatened and economically important species.