Journal of Biodiversity & Endangered Species

Discussed about advancement, species emerge through the procedure of speciation-where new assortments of creatures emerge and flourish when they can discover and misuse an environmental specialty-and species get to be distinctly wiped out when they are no longer ready to get by in changing conditions or against prevalent rivalry. The relationship amongst creatures and their natural specialties has been solidly established. A run of the mill species gets to be distinctly wiped out inside 10 million years of its first appearance, albeit a few animal categories, called living fossils, make due with for all intents and purposes no morphological change for a huge number of years. Mass terminations are generally uncommon occasions; notwithstanding, detached annihilations are very normal. Just as of late have terminations been recorded and researchers have turned out to be frightened at the momentum high rate of extinctions. Most species that get to be distinctly wiped out are never deductively reported. A few researchers appraise that up to half of by and by existing plant and creature species may get to be distinctly wiped out by 2100.

Matricaria chamomilla (L.), and Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch. Bip., are two threatened wild species commonly used for medicinal purposes in Lebanon. An eco-geographic study was conducted, by assessing the distribution pattern of the two species in Lebanon and their related genetic diversity, to guide conservation efforts. The constructed distribution maps identified two richness areas namely Iaat and Hawch El Sayed Ali. Threats assessment to both species included urbanization, agriculture, unsustainable harvesting, overgrazing, and drought. Thirty-two sites were evaluated using eco-geographical surveys, and genetic analysis was done using Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) marker analysis. Neighbor Joining analysis clustered populations into four distinct groups with a gene flow of 0.4365 and genetic differentiation from 0.121 to 0.191. Results revealed a clear geographical isolation among populations with low gene flow between distinct populations. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) clustered 119 individuals within their populations and grouped them following the same pattern as the Neighbor Joining tree. Calculation of Nei’s genetic diversity index revealed that genetic diversity in Mount Lebanon was lower than in the South. One area, Jezzine, appeared as the most genetically diverse and remained isolated. These findings indicate the need to develop a conservation strategy that would prevent the extinction of one of the most marketed medicinal and aromatic plants in Lebanon, with Jezzine area considered as a priority in conservation actions. Finally, chemical profiling should be conducted to valorise the Lebanese Matricaria species.

Ketak (Lygodium circinatum (Burm.) Sw naturally grows in the forest and is classified into ferns group which produced from non-timber forestry product (HHBK). Ketak growth and productivity data are not represented well so cultivation strategic research must be constructed. This research is aimed to explore biological characteristic rely on Ketak distribution and cultivation in Lombok island, determine host plant for vegetative and tendril growth, identify tendril requirement to support cane works. The method is used purposive systematic sampling using looking for target and sampling as survey area. Then, a survey area was based on three high sea level as follows, 0-250; 250-500 dan above 500 on sea level. Research parametric were investigated including relative humidity, temperature, relative light intensity to tendril productivity. Co-variance and regression were used to process environmental influence on Ketak productivity, height and tendril diameter. This research observed that the largest tendril diameter and populated Ketak occurred in the lowest sea level cultivation whereas the highest tendril was found in the highest cultivation. Then, higher relative humidity supported ketak and tendril growth however lowering temperature growth produced longer and small tendril diameter. A larger amount light intensity enhanced tendril productivity. Host plants that support Ketak growth are Aren and Cecuring (0-249 m osl); Waru and Kumbi (250-499 m osl) and coffee and Aren (>500 m osl).

Vegetation type is the major element to categorize Ethiopian ecosystem. The objective of this article is to describe the status and potentials of Ethiopian vegetation and associated threats for ecosystem resources. Furthermore, it also identifies the challenges and treats and future directions to put into practice. The analysis is based on theoretical considerations and overviews on the existing resources. Ethiopian agroecology includes the highest altitude, Ras Dashan in Simien mountain chains which is 4533 meters above sea level to the low depressions of 110 below sea level Dallol depression which is one of the warmest place in East Africa and a unique ecosystem in Ethiopia the place is found in Afar Regional state where different fauna and flora bio diversities are engaged. Classification of agroecosystem and agrobiodiversity is important in planning watershed management activities and conservation of biodiversity.

This study has explored the biodiversity loss of Lesraganj and Sutalari char unions through field survey, field observation technique and using BBS data. Bank erosion has destroyed the “habitat” of flora and fauna by disturbing the whole ecosystem chain of the study site. Many fruit varieties were available in mainland among which Jam, Amloki, Jalpai, Dalim, Chalta, Sharifa, and Latkan were not seen in the Charland. All types of homestead palm varieties have been lost while only banana is extensively practiced in the Charland. The mainland was rich in herbs and shrubs, but bank erosion has extinct them completely. The char dwellers are not capable to introduce any aesthetic varieties in the char homesteads and no aquatic vegetation could survive. The many mainland timbering yielding varieties are not found in the Charland except Eucalyptus and Babla while the mainland natural medicinal species cannot survive in the newly formed Charland. The mainland common mammalian fauna and birds are not found in the Charland due to the habitat damage. The mainland was rich in reptiles and amphibian species most of which have become very rare in the degraded char environment.

Acacia trees are considered keystone species in many desert ecosystems and suffer from different anthropogenic effects. This study estimated the size structure of Acacia trees population in El-Taif area, which indicated that all the populations of Acacia present in El-Taif Area seems to be young as the proportion of small and medium individuals is greater than that of large individuals except the species Acacia albida. Absence of plant species under the canopy of Acacia trees may be due to the severe impact of grazing. In general, distribution of Acacia trees is controlled by physiographic features, and topographical irregularities. Phytosociologically, the area is inhabited by (79) species belonging to (59) genera and related to (26) families. the most characteristic family is Fabaceae (16 species) followed by Asteraceae (15 species). The life-form spectrum in the present study is characteristic of an arid desert region with the dominance of chamaephytes (43% of the recorded species) followed by phanerophytes (31%), therophytes (16%) and hemicryptophytes (10%). The preponderance of annuals and shrubs reflects a typical desert flora, where it is closely related to topography. Phytogeographically, the shrub layer is composed mainly of the Saharo-Arabian with a Sudano-Zambezian focus on distribution. Pure Mediterranean taxa are not represented in the therophyte and chamaephyte layers, whereas they are represented in the bi- and pluriregional taxa. This may be attributed to the fact that plants of the Saharo-Arabian region are good indicators for desert environmental conditions, while Mediterranean species represent more mesic environments.

Domestic dogs threaten wildlife globally, especially other canids. The spread of infectious disease from dogs threatens Ethiopian wolves, via interference and exploitation competition. Despite increasing threats to wildlife from dogs, competition between dogs and wild carnivores is relatively unstudied. This study seeks to understand the behavior and habitat use of free-ranging dogs in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia, and their interactions with other park users, through focal animal follows totaling > 150 hours. Dogs used the same areas as wolves, foraged throughout wolf habitat, and aggressively interacted with wolves in their territories. Wolves were actively displaced from foraging grounds by dogs, with dogs chasing wolves both while foraging alone or when moving with livestock. Direct competition for small mammals was not sustained by these results. Female dogs may make less extensive use of wolf range; they covered significantly less distance and interacted less aggressively with wolves. Domestic dogs are increasingly present in protected areas around the globe, and this study documents their negative impact on wild carnivores—both through direct interaction and use of habitat – highlighting the implications of dog presence for wildlife conservation.