International Journal of Neurorehabilitation

Purpose: To evaluate the differences among the major subjective scales used to rate drooling in children with neurological disorders.

Patient and Methods: Children with neurological disorders of broad aetiologies were recruited and three different subjective scales were administered: the Drooling Impact Scale (DIS), the modified Teachers' Drooling Scale (mTDS), and the Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale (DSFS). Participants were then divided into 2 groups (A and B) according to the score obtained on the DSFS scale. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to verify and quantify the difference between the DIS scores obtained in the two groups. The Pearson's correlation was used to verify the correlation between the DSFS score and the DIS total (DIS-tot) score, the DSFS score and DIS (domain 1 to 5) score, and the DSFS score and the mTDS score. Moreover, we analyzed the correlation between age and DSFS/DIS-tot scores, and age and the mTDS score.

Results: 31 children (mean age: 7.3 ± 4.5 years) were enrolled. Group A included 11 (35%) patients with a DSFS score of 2-5; group B included 20 (65%) patients with a DSFS score of 6-9. The Mann-Whitney test highlighted a significant difference between group A and group B with a DIS-tot score of p = 5 × 10−5. We obtained a strong correlation between DSFS and DIS-tot (r = 0.86), between DSFS and mTDS (r = 0.88), and between DIS-tot and mTDS (r = 0.87). No correlation was found between age and DSFS (r = 0.12).

Conclusion: The DIS, DSFS, and mTDS scales are effective in rating drooling, both in terms of severity and frequency. A subjective illustrative approach should, however, include an adequate assessment of the patient as a whole. In light of the impact that drooling has on the quality of life of these patients, the development of a comprehensive method to assess this condition is essential in the future.

What is known?

Drooling recognition and therapeutic management represent a fundamental step in the care of both the patient and his/her caregivers.

The application of subjective scales to measure drooling is suggested in the literature. However, to date, these methods are currently non-validated.

Existing objective approaches do not consider the overall patient’s quality of life, which is a fundamental parameter in evaluating treatments’ effectiveness.

What is new?

Subjective scales (DIS, mTDS, and DSFS) were effective in the diagnosis of drooling, both in terms of rating its severity and its frequency.

The DIS scale has some defects in its method of administration and interpretation in a language different from English.

The prevailing biomedical viewpoint on addictions has been that they are persistent cerebrum infections. While we recognize that the minds of individuals with addictions vary from those without, we contend that the "broken cerebrum" model of dependence has significant restrictions. We suggest that a frameworks level point of view all the more successfully catches the coordinated engineering of the exemplified and arranged human psyche and cerebrum corresponding to the improvement of addictions. This more unique conceptualization places fixation in the more extensive setting of the dependent cerebrum that drives conduct, where the dependent mind is the substrate of the dependent psyche that thus is arranged in a physical and socio-social climate. According to this viewpoint, neurorehabilitation ought to move from a "broken-mind" to a frameworks hypothetical structure, which incorporates undeniable level ideas connected with the physical and social climate, inspiration, mental self-view, and the importance of elective exercises, which thusly will progressively impact resulting cerebrum transformations. We call this coordinated methodology framework arranged neurorehabilitation. We outline our proposition by showing the connection among habit and the engineering of the typified mind, including a frameworks level viewpoint on old style molding, which has been effectively converted into neurorehabilitation. Vital to this model is the idea that the human cerebrum makes forecasts on future states as well true to form (or counterfactual) blunders, with regards to its objectives. We advocate framework arranged neurorehabilitation of compulsion where the patients' objectives are focal in designated, customized evaluation and mediation.

The spread of the utilization of automated gadgets in neuro-recovery treatments requires the accessibility of lightweight, simple to-utilize, savvy and flexible frameworks. RobHand has been planned in view of these objectives. It is a hand exoskeleton particularly reasonable for patients experiencing spasticity in the fingers since it is not difficult to put in the hand and, from an underactuated configuration, permits both flexion and expansion of the fingers. In this work, the primary attributes, the mechanical plan and the turn of events and approval of the kinematic model of the gadget are introduced, which has been all completed considering the proposals of the new IEC 80601-2-78 norm, which formalizes the idea of RACA (Recovery, Evaluation, Remuneration, Easing) robot and addresses parts of productivity and wellbeing, fundamental in this kind of hardware.

Introduction: For patients undergoing rotator cuff repair, a well-planned rehabilitation routine is equally important to complete tendon healing and optimal shoulder functional outcome as the size/location of the rip, surgical technique, and fixation modalities (RCR). The order in which rehabilitation should proceed is still up for discussion.

Purpose: This meta-objective analysis's is to compare the outcomes of a post-operative aggressive treatment and a conventional rehabilitation protocol. Methods: We looked through the databases of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and CEPS. Six publications that matched our selection criteria were ultimately included.

Results: The intensive postoperative rehabilitation approach improves ROM and shoulder function more than the conventional protocol, but it also carries a higher risk of the rotator cuff tendon failing to repair or rupturing again.

Conclusion: Despite the fact that patients with RCR benefit from the rigorous postoperative rehabilitation routine, additional research on the variables impacting the risk of tendon un-healing/re-tearing is needed. These elements must be taken into account while designing a postoperative programme for RCR patients.