Arts and Social Sciences Journal

For every measure, there were significant differences between the groups (p 0.05). While GDF15 levels were identical to CG (p > 0.05), post-hoc analysis revealed that CTRP9, CTRP2, and GDF8 levels were different from CG (p 0.05). GDF8 levels were comparable in the SG and TG groups (p > 0.05), while GDF15 levels decreased in both training groups (p 0.05). Taking astaxanthin supplements and exercising for a total of 12 weeks reduced adipokine levels, anthropometrical variables (BMI), and body composition (weight,%fat), and enhanced lipid and metabolic profiles. These advantages were more pronounced for the TSG group's obese men.

This study looked at how 12 weeks of high-intensity exercise with astaxanthin supplementation affected adipokine levels, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in obese individuals. Four groups of seventeen individuals each were formed randomly from the sixty-eight obese males: the control group (CG), the supplement group (SG), the training group (TG), and the training plus supplement group (TSG). Participants received astaxanthin or a placebo for 12 weeks (20 mg/daily tablet). High-intensity functional training (HIFT) sessions lasted 60 minutes each, three times each week, for a total of 36 sessions. Adipokines (CTRP9 and CTRP2) levels, growth differentiation factors 8 and 15 (GDF8 and GDF15), metabolic profiles, body composition, anthropometric measurements, and cardio-respiratory indices were assessed.