Epigenomics is an emerging field of research that focuses on understanding the complex network of chemical modifications that influence gene expression. It delves into the study of epigenetic mechanisms, which are dynamic and reversible modifications to the DNA and its associated proteins, without altering the underlying genetic code. By exploring epigenetic patterns, researchers can unravel how genes are turned on or off and how they interact with the environment. This article will delve into the fascinating world of epigenomics, its significance in human health and disease, technological advancements and its potential applications. Epigenomics aims to investigate the epigenetic modifications that govern gene expression. It encompasses a broad range of processes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and chromatin remodelling and non-coding RNA molecules. These mechanisms play crucial roles in development, aging and the response of cells to external stimuli. DNA methylation is a prevalent epigenetic modification, involving the addition of a methyl group to the DNA molecule. Methylation typically occurs at cytosine residues within a CpG dinucleotide context and it often leads to gene silencing. Histone modifications, on the other hand, involve chemical changes to the proteins that support DNA, known as histones. These modifications can either activate or repress gene expression, depending on the specific modification.
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