Many endocrine regulators are widely expressed and secreted in the brain, and play important neuromodulatory roles in physiological and pathological processes such as brain development, brain function protection, and brain injury repair. In addition, many endocrine regulators undergo significant changes in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of neurological diseases and can be used as biological markers for early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the effects of endocrine modulators on pediatric neurological diseases, especially epilepsy, dravet syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and ADHD. These advances stem from a series of research advances on specific endocrine regulators such as melatonin, leptin and ghrelin, as well as ketogenic diet (KD) . KD is a nutritional therapy that has been found to be beneficial against refractory epilepsy, and has also been proposed to treat many other neurological disorders. Recently, we opened a column in the magazine “Frontiers in Endocrinology” in collaboration with scholars from Italy and India: "Endocrine Modulators of Neurological Processes: Potential Treatment Targets of Pediatric Neurological Diseases". Here, we summarize the new progress of the articles published in the column, hoping to provide useful clues for future research.
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