Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine

Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Lungs

Abstract

Meng Peng, Tan Gan Liang and Devanand Anantham

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a relatively new technology in pulmonary medicine. Real time, in vivo visualization of elastin microstructure in the airway wall as well as alveoli is possible via flexible bronchoscopy under moderate sedation. This technique delivers high quality images without significant morbidity, and potentially enables non-invasive diagnosis. The images acquired have low intraobserver and intrapatient variability. The structure or normal airways and alveoli have already been elucidated. pCLE has been used in pilot studies for the diagnosis of various malignant lesions, airway diseases and diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. There may also be a role in monitoring of treatment response and disease progression. However, development is still needed both in the technology and standardization of endoscopic procedure to realize the full potential of pCLE.