Two high-level fusion and two sequential hybrid strategies were also tested. MIR outperformed XRF when it came to inorganic properties (RPIQV for clay=3.4, silt=3.0, and sand=1.8) in the field under investigation, while MIR was superior for organic properties (RPIQV for total OC=7.7 and N=5.0). For these properties, there was little to no improvement in accuracy with even the optimal fusion approach. The large number of elements with variable importance in the projection scores >1 (Fe, Ni, Si, Al, Mg, Mn, K, Pb (clay only), and Cr) and strong spearman correlations (0.57 rs 0.90) with clay and silt account for the high XRF accuracy for these materials. When comparing the best single spectrometer to the optimal fusion method, relative improvements in spectrally inactive properties based on indirect prediction mechanisms were marginal for pH (3.2% increase in RPIQV versus MIR alone), but more pronounced for labile OC (9.3% vs. MIR) and CEC (12%). Performance was worse when a subpar spectrometer dominated in a fusion approach compared to the best single spectrometer.
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