Journal of Oncology Translational Research

Biomarkers study by various methods in diagnosis and prognosis of breast lesions

Abstract

Dr. Nandini Manoli

Breast cancer is the 2nd most common cancer in urban Indian population because of changes in lifestyle, better economic status. Thus it is imperative to
diagnose, treat and increase the survival of these women especially in low to middle income group countries like India. There are several biomarkers available
which are important and play a role in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast lesions. Steroid markers like estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) are nuclear
markers which are important for treatment and prognosis. Overexpression of HER2/neu a cell membrane marker and Ki67 a proliferation marker are important
for treatment and prognosis. Metastatic markers like E-cadherin and vimentin which when decreased are associated with increased chances of metastasis. It is
also related to increased ER expression and tumor budding (TB). Other factors like increase in angiogenesis leads to bad prognosis which can be identified by
markers like CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
All the above markers can be studied by various methods like Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), Manual Liquid Based Cytology (MLBC), Cell Block (CB)
and histopatholgy sections. Each method have their advantages and limitations which will be highlighted in the study.