Ahmed WA, El-Semary NA, Abd El-Hameed OM, El Tawill G and Ibrahim DM
Cyanobacteria from exotic niches represent a rich resource of a wide array of unique bioactive compounds that are largely under explored, and proving to be potent source of anticancer drugs. A filamentous non-heterocystous isolate was identified by light microscopy and molecular methods using 23S rDNA as a marker was found to belong to Plectonema genus of Cyanobacteria. Organic extract of different cyanobacterial isolates was screened for their cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Extracts of (Cyanothece sp.) and (Plectonema terebrans) were found to have the most cytotoxic effect as they caused cell growth inhibition with IC50 value of 13.3% and 8.3% respectively. The cell viability, cell cycle analysis and caspase3 activity were measured. The cell viability of (Cyanothece sp.) and (Plectonema terebrans) showed high reduced (66.7% 57.4% respectively) compared with untreated cells (6.6%). Cell cycle analysis results showed significant arrest in G0/G1 and G2/M phases in the cells treated with Cyanothece sp recorded (52.8%, 0.33%) respectively, low percentage in 2n phase recorded (46.4%), while cells treated with Plectonema terebrans showed (G0/G1 recorded 63.3% and G2/M recorded 0.3 and 2n recorded 35.6%) compared to control which showed relative accumulation of cells in G0/G1 and G2/M recorded (7.38% and 0.13%) respectively and aggressive accumulation of cells in 2n phase recorded (91.8%). Also, Caspase-3 activity increased in the cells treated with Cyanothece sp with highest activity at concentration 13.3% recorded 0.397 ± SD 0.02 and Plectonema terebrans with highest activity at concentration 4% recorded 0.402 ± SD 0.002 and with significant (p<0.05) compared to untreated cells (0.157 ± SD 0.05 nM/mL). These results indicated that two extracts of Cyanobacteria have a promising agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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