Betelihem Yirdaw*, Dessie Abera, Habtamu Alebachew, and Bekisisa Urga
Vaccine is one of the major ways of preventing and controlling infectious diseases in livestock. The aim of the study was to evaluate and know available vaccines, to identify and characterize factors responsible for vaccine failures in order to support improvement against disease, to understand the vaccine management and vaccine delivery system. A cross-sectional semi structural questionnaire survey was developed. A total of 86 farm owners from three districts Assosa, Bambasi, and Homosha, there were 52, 18 and 16 participants, respectively. In this study three species of animals, six farmers who have goat, 76 farmers who have cattle and 4 farmers who have poultry were included in the survey. All most all respondents in Bambasi (100%), Assosa (88.5%), and Homosha (87.5%) can use and were known about vaccines but not about all type of vaccines. In other study vaccination was the most widely known preventive measure (68.9%). There is no significant difference (P=0.3) and (p=0.06) between districts in terms of farmers' knowledge of vaccines and their use respectively. Most respondents had heard of vaccines prior to 11 years ago. The majority of respondents (66.3%) learned about the vaccine from animal health workers, followed by locals (18.6%) and elders (6.9%). Most respondent’s 62.8% starting use of vaccine above nine (9) years. Pasturolosis, LSD, Anthrax, black leg, CBPP, PPR, CCPP, pox and NCD was available in the study area. In addition, in commercial poultry farms fowl typhoid, fowl pox, and mareks was found. 65.1% of the respondents were practiced vaccinating of their livestock against the most common diseases. Sick animals (88.4%) were excluded from vaccination. Vaccination mostly provided by the government (94.2%), with only a few cases (5.8%) performed by private owners. Vaccination was carried out by professionals (95.3%), SC administration and liquid preparation was applied. Commercial dairy and poultry farms have better use and adapt vaccine technology than small holder farm owners. Most respondents explained that the reason of diseases encountered after vaccination was due to poor vaccine handling and management (60.5%) followed by poor response from the host (26.7%). The factors tackle vaccine efficacy and vaccine delivery system was vaccination condition, frequency of vaccination, vaccine value channels, supply chain, access points and vaccine delivery system.
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