An Overview on Lung Cancer and Various Carcinogens

Sharon Susan^*
*Correspondence: Dr. Sharon Susan, Department of Oncology, Wright State University Bowshot School of Medicine, Dayton, United States, Email:

Description

Cancer is a life-threatening disease that spreads throughout the blood movement inside the human body. Leukemia alters the blood cell count and interferes with regular RBC production and, also affects its maturity. Some of the tumors do not spread throughout the body but grow uncontrollably like benign tumors. The uncontrollable division of abnormal cells with the capacity to infiltrate and destroy normal human tissue leads to cancer.

The human body contains millions of cells; it grows, divides, and undergoes natural cell death using apoptosis. Unlikely, cancer is a deadly disease that is caused due to uncontrolled growth of the cells and forms a huge mass of tissue called a tumor. Cigarette smoking, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, Poor lifestyle, and exposure to UV rays cause most cancers. Cancer cells affect different organs like lungs, kidneys, eyes, heart, brain, etc. Cancer cells also spread in the bloodstream and cause blood cancer.

In worldwide, almost 7.6 million deaths are seen because of lung, stomach, liver, breast cancers mainly. Recently National Cancer Institute showed that the person exposed to solvent, grease, and oils, individuals who work in fabric and plastic industries have an excessive danger of cancers. Lungs play a crucial role in respiration and are located near the chest; the inhaled air is passed through the bronchial tubes. Lung cancer is of two type’s i.e. non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancers: An epithelial lung cancer other than small-cell lung carcinoma is referred to as non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for around 85% of all lung cancers. NSCLCs, in comparison to small-cell carcinoma, are more resistant to therapy. They are mostly treated with surgical intervention with a curative goal when applicable, although chemotherapy is increasingly being used both preoperatively (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and postoperatively (adjuvant chemotherapy)

Small cell lung cancer: Small-cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive cancer that most commonly affects the lungs, but may also affect the gastrointestinal tract. Small cell carcinoma has a faster doubling time, a higher growth percentage, and more metastasis than nonsmall cell carcinoma.

In the USA, lung cancers are the main reason for mortality cancers. The person who works in chemical factories, nuclear reactors,

drainage devices, and mining is most prone to cancer. The most common carcinogens (cancer-causing agents) are aluminum, arsenic, radon, lead and lead compounds, titanium dioxide, Ethidium Bromide, Cobalt with tungsten carbide, Welding fumes, and Indium phosphide. Treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, bone marrow transplantation are used to treat cancer in different stages.

In Asia, the excessive incidence of persistent viruses like Hepatitis B and C, the Epstein Barr virus, and the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) will increase the danger of cancers. Mutations in the p53 gene result in cancer addition to nutrients playing a vital role in the mortality of cancer patients. Exposure to aldehydes and formaldehyde is related to the excessive danger of lymphoma.

Chemical or other drug exposures, as well as certain behaviors, are all cancer risk factors. They also include factors that people have no control over, such as age and family history. A family history of some cancers may indicate the presence of an inherited cancer syndrome.