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Neuromyelitis Optica | Open Access Journals
Journal of Lasers, Optics & Photonics

Journal of Lasers, Optics & Photonics

ISSN: 2469-410X

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Neuromyelitis Optica

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a heterogeneous disease in which the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and spinal cord are inflamed and demyelinated. It can be repeated or monophasic. At least three different forms are currently being suggested based on the existence of autoantibodies which are thought to develop the disease: anti-AQP4, anti-MOG and anti-NF. All cases are considered autoimmune disease. Spinal cord lesions in the legs or arms result in varying degrees of weakness or paralysis, loss of sensation (including blindness), and/or dysfunction of the bladder and bowel. The primary signs of Devic 's disease are vision loss and contraction of the spinal cord. Optic neuritis may manifest as visual impairment with reduced visual acuity, although visual field defects, or color vision loss, may occur in isolation or before formal acuity loss. Dysfunction of the spinal cord can cause muscle weakness, decreased sensation or loss of control of the bladder and bowel. Typical patient has acute and extreme spastic weakness of the legs (paraparesis) or all four legs (quadriparesis) with sensory symptoms, frequently followed by loss of control of the bladder.

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