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Journal of Lasers, Optics & Photonics

ISSN: 2469-410X

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Gas Liquid Chromatography Review Articles

Gas chromatography (GC) is an analytical technique want to separate and analyze samples which will be vaporized without thermal decomposition. Sometimes gas chromatography is understood as gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC) or vapor-phase chromatography (VPC). Technically, GPLC is that the most correct term, since the separation of components during this sort of chromatography relies on differences in behavior between a flowing mobile gas phase and a stationary liquid phase. GC is employed together test to assist identify components of a liquid mixture and determine their relative concentration. It may also be used to separate and purify components of a mixture. Additionally, gas chromatography is often wont to determine vapour pressure, heat of solution, and activity coefficients. Industries often use it to monitor processes to test for contamination or ensure a process is going as planned. Chromatography can test blood alcohol, drug purity, food purity, and essential oil quality. GC may be used on either organic or inorganic analytes, but the sample must be volatile. Ideally, the components of a sample should have different boiling points. In gas chromatography, the mobile phase (or "moving phase") may be a carrier gas, usually a noble gas like helium or an unreactive gas like nitrogen. Helium remains the foremost commonly used carrier gas in about 90% of instruments although hydrogen is preferred for improved separations. The stationary phase may be a microscopic layer of liquid or polymer on an inert solid support, inside a bit of glass or metal tubing called a column (a homage to the fractionating column used in distillation). The instrument wants to perform gas chromatography is named a gas chromatograph (or "aerograph", "gas separator").

This causes each compound to elute at a special time, referred to as the retention time of the compound. Classification by phases gives the physical state of the mobile phase followed by the state of the stationary phase.  The carrier gases used, like helium, hydrogen, and nitrogen, have very weak intermolecular interactions with solutes. Molecular sieves are utilized in gas size-exclusion chromatography applied to gases of low relative molecular mass. Adsorption on solids tends to give nonlinear systems. At ordinary pressures the solutes in the gas phase behave as a mixture of ideal gases. Affinity chromatography that supported a highly specific biologic interaction like that between antigen and antibody, enzyme and substrate, or receptor and ligand.

 

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