Abdul B Shakir
Nanocrystalline materials such as Sn doped In2O3 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) were prepared by this Combustion technique and characterized. Presence of electronic centers in Nanocrystalline ITO is observed from Raman studies and the same has been confirmed by photoluminescence studies.
Muhammad Zain Bin
The oxidation properties of ITO were studied by X-ray Diffract meter grain sizes are confirmed by structural studies. As against the expectation of oxide on individual Nano grains of In-Sn alloy, ITO Nano grains grew into faceted Nano grains on heat treatment in air and O2 atmosphere.
Muhammad S Masood
The growth of ITO under O2 atmosphere showed pentagon symmetry. This Nanocrystalline ITO has been studied using Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements.
Jaya Mouna
Structural studies by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of dominant β phase with a minor quantity of α phase. In EPR, isotopic chemical shift peaks were observed and they are assigned to originate from the α, β phases of ITO and grain boundary component respectively. From this study, different atomic arrangements were identified in grain boundaries compared to the same within the grain in Nanocrystalline ITO.
Mohamed B Saleem
The atomic arrangement in the grain boundary seems to be somewhat different from regular periodic arrangement whereas inside the grain there is a good periodic arrangement of atoms. Above 5 mol%, Sn ions form correlated clusters, which lead to broadening. These EPR spectra were formed to contain two different components, one from the single isolated ions and the other from the clusters.
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This paper explores contemporary perspectives on gravity, moving beyond the classical framework of Newtonian mechanics to delve into modern insights provided by theories such as Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and quantum gravity. By examining recent advancements in gravitational research, including gravitational waves, gravitational lensing, and quantum gravitational phenomena, this study aims to illuminate the multifaceted nature of gravity and its profound implications for our understanding of the universe.
DOI: 10.37421/2476-2296.2024.11.314
Gravitational lensing, a phenomenon predicted by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity, occurs when massive objects such as galaxies or galaxy clusters bend the path of light from background sources, acting as cosmic lenses. This paper explores the mechanisms and consequences of gravitational lensing, shedding light on its role in unveiling the universe's structure and composition. Through an examination of theoretical principles, observational techniques, and recent discoveries in gravitational lensing, this study elucidates the profound insights offered by this cosmic phenomenon.
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This paper explores the phenomenon of gravitational waves, predicted by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity a century ago and recently confirmed through groundbreaking experiments. Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of spacetime, propagating outward from cataclysmic events such as the merger of black holes or neutron stars. Through a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical foundations, experimental techniques, and astrophysical implications of gravitational waves, this study aims to elucidate their revolutionary impact on our understanding of the universe.
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Biological efficiency is a critical concept in understanding how organisms function within ecosystems. It refers to the ability of organisms to utilize energy and resources effectively to carry out various biological processes such as growth, reproduction, and maintenance. Maximizing biological efficiency is essential for the survival and success of species in their respective environments. This article delves into the intricacies of biological efficiency, its significance in ecological systems, and the factors influencing it. Biological efficiency plays a crucial role in determining the productivity and stability of ecosystems. Efficient utilization of resources allows organisms to thrive within their ecological niches while minimizing waste. For instance, in a forest ecosystem, efficient nutrient cycling among plants, microbes, and decomposers ensures the sustained availability of nutrients for plant growth. Similarly, efficient energy transfer through food webs sustains higher trophic levels, contributing to ecosystem stability.
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Cells, the fundamental units of life, are not solitary entities; rather, they engage in intricate conversations vital for the coordination of biological processes. The communication mechanisms within and between cells are a cornerstone of physiological functions, orchestrating responses to various stimuli, maintaining homeostasis, and executing complex developmental programs. Understanding these cellular dialogues unveils the mysteries of life's inner workings, offering insights into health, disease, and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Fluid mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of fluids, both liquids and gases, and the forces acting on them. It plays a crucial role in understanding various phenomena in nature and is fundamental to numerous engineering applications. The study of fluid mechanics encompasses a wide range of topics, from understanding the flow of blood in our bodies to the design of aircraft and spacecraft. One of the fascinating aspects of fluid mechanics is the concept of flow dynamics, which delves into the intricate patterns and behaviors exhibited by fluids as they move through different environments. In this article, we will explore the principles of flow dynamics, examining its applications in both natural phenomena and technological advancements.
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Fluid electrodynamics is an interdisciplinary field that merges principles from fluid mechanics and electromagnetism. It explores the behavior of conducting fluids (such as plasmas, electrolytes, and liquid metals) under the influence of electric and magnetic fields. This emerging field has garnered significant attention due to its applications in various domains, including aerospace engineering, energy production, biomedical sciences, and environmental monitoring. In this article, we delve into the fundamentals of fluid electrodynamics, its theoretical underpinnings, experimental methodologies, and cutting-edge applications. By bridging the gap between fluid mechanics and electricity, fluid electrodynamics offers unique insights into complex phenomena and paves the way for innovative technologies. Fluid electrodynamics builds upon the foundational principles of fluid mechanics and electromagnetism. At its core, it involves the study of fluid flow and the interaction between fluid motion and electromagnetic fields. Maxwell's equations serve as the mathematical framework for describing the behavior of electric and magnetic fields in fluid mediums.
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Fluid Mechanics: Open Access received 291 citations as per Google Scholar report
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