Journal of Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology

The Himalayas are known for their rich biodiversity and natural landscapes comprising of a series of mountain ranges, valleys, and rivers. Geomorphology has a significant part to play in the climatic conditions of the region and profoundly shapes the livelihood and cultural practices of local indigenous populations. The landscape in the Himalayas is included in a specific bio-geographic zone having several individual elements that are entwined within local forms of knowledge and everyday life of local communities. The Sherpa, Tamang, and Bhotia communities are considered to be the native inhabitants of this region. They hold indigenous knowledge about the local flora fauna and their landscape elements. The characteristic of the bio-geographic zone has been linked to a culturally distinct indigenous knowledge system. Cultural traditions are also interlinked with ancient folklore and religious practices. This paper looks at how Sherpa and Tamang people have undergone recent changes in their ancient traditional livelihoods, customs and lifestyles. The study shows that there are residual linkages between their traditional life scape with their present way of life in each community. The complex linkages in their traditional values with the demands of the rugged landscape filter into their current icescape. The different patterns of the traditional use of landscape elements as used by Tamangs and Sherpas living in the same region have evolved new patterns of livelihoods related to their ancient livescapes. This demonstrates the importance of appreciating different traditional cultures living within the same bio-geographic region in the current context of new livelihood strategies and patterns used by different communities.

The current paper deals with the Tamangs and Sherpas who live in the High Himalayas of Nepal and those who have shifted to Darjeeling to find a more economically lucrative livelihood. Our paper shows how the different traditional lifestyle still influences the selection of new livelihood options after settling in Darjeeling over the last couple of decades.

Lutjanus kasmira has a place with the family Lutjanidae. Throughout the course of recent years, the L. kasmira populace in the South China Ocean has been contracting because of environmental change, tension from human exercises, and deficient food supplies. In this review, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information acquired from limitation site-related DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) were utilized to evaluate the hereditary variety of L. kasmira in Zhubi Dao (ZB) and Meiji Dao (MJ). The noticed heterozygosity (Ho) of people from the ZB populace and MJ populace was 0.46834 and 0.23103, individually. Albeit the ZB and MJ populaces didn't have huge hereditary contrasts, the hereditary separation between them was affirmed utilizing populace structure, phylogenetic and head part investigations. These outcomes showed that the hereditary variety of the ZB and MJ populaces was generally low at the genome level, and that their hereditary contrasts were little.