Leila Azimi
Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide health problem. Antibiotic resistance can increase rate of mortality and morbidity especially in immunosuppress patients like hospitalized one. Antibiotic-resistant infections add considerable costs to the nation??? already overburdened health care system. Estimates regarding the medical cost per patient with an antibiotic-resistant infection range from $ 18,588 to $ 29,069 in 2015. The total economic burden placed on the US economy by antibiotic resistant infections has been estimated to be as high as $ 20 billion in health care costs. A large number of researchers believe that analyzing the molecular characteristics of S. aureus can help provide Therefore, understanding the drug resistance of MRSA in a timely manner and elucidating its drug resistance mechanism a basis for designing effective prevention and treatment measures against hospital infections caused by S. aureus and further monitor the evolution of S It can be considerable that making and introducing new antibiotics are very low because there is no economic justification because of early appearance of resistance.
The most critical group of all includes multidrug resistant bacteria that pose a particular threat in hospitals, nursing homes and among patients whose care requires devices such as ventilators at the molecular level are of great significance for the treatment of S and blood catheters. Penicillin-resistant S. aureus can produce penicillinase, which can hydrolyze the penicillin β-lactam ring, leading to resistance to penicillin. They include Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and various Enterobacteriaceae (including Klebsiella, E. coli, Serratia and Proteus). They can cause severe and often deadly infections such as bloodstream infections and pneumonia. WHO priority pathogens list for R&D of Later, scientists developed new penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillin named methicillin new antibiotics: Priority 1: Critical Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant, in recent decades, due to the evolution the data required to characterize the risks of antibiotic residues in the environment is severely limited.
The main future research needs have been identified to enable better assessments of antibiotic of bacteria and the abuse this resistance was produced by a gene encoding the penicillin-binding protein of antibiotics, the drug resistance Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the principal public health problems identifying priority areas for interventions, and monitoring the impact of interventions to contain resistance of the 21st century that threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. Moreover, S. aureus does not form spores or flagella, but possesses a capsule, can produce golden pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria and various infection diseases.
After identification of key risk Global which represents at the moment the major problem, both for the high rates of resistance observed in bacteria that cause common infections and for the complexity proposing a combination of interventions that include strengthening health systems and surveillance; improving use of antimicrobials in hospitals and in community; infection prevention and control; encouraging the development of appropriate new drugs and vaccines of the consequences of ABR report on surveillance of AMR, published in April 2014, collected for the first time data from national availability of effective antibiotic drugs; chemotherapy for cancer treatment, organ transplantation, hip replacement surgery, intensive care for pre-term newborns and many other activities could not be performed without effective antibiotics and international surveillance networks, showing the extent of this phenomenon determinant parameters yellow pigment, and decompose mannitol of S. aureus has gradually increased, the infection rate of MRSA has increased worldwide Medium Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-non-susceptible, derivation of the relationship between antibiotic levels and pathogenic antibiotic-resistance development in different settings, and the clinical anti-infective treatment for MRSA has become more difficult ESBL-producing Priority 2: High Enterococcus faecium, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and resistant Priority 3: So, in this report we explain about rate of present and also antibiotic resistance patterns of these global threating bacteria in Iran as an Asian country.
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