The development of novel antidepressants has revolutionized the treatment of depressive disorders, offering new hope to patients unresponsive to traditional therapies. This review explores the mechanisms of action of these new antidepressant agents from clinical and neurobiological perspectives. We discuss the latest pharmacological targets, including the modulation of neurotransmitter systems, neuroplasticity, and inflammation pathways. By synthesizing clinical trial data and preclinical research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these novel agents function and their potential implications for future treatment strategies.
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