Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive and lethal form of primary brain tumors, characterized by rapid progression, therapeutic resistance and dismal prognosis. Despite decades of research, the molecular and cellular complexity of gliomas remains incompletely understood, posing significant challenges for effective treatment strategies. In recent years, advances in genomics, molecular profiling and immunotherapy have provided novel insights into the biology of gliomas and potential therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively examines the current understanding of GBM biology, including key genetic alterations, signalling pathways, tumor microenvironment interactions and immune evasion mechanisms. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic approaches, such as targeted therapies, immunotherapies and precision medicine strategies, are discussed in the context of overcoming therapeutic resistance and improving patient outcomes. By deciphering the intricate biology of GBM and exploring innovative therapeutic modalities, there is hope for revolutionizing the management of gliomas and offering new avenues for personalized and effective treatment.
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Journal of Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery received 2 citations as per Google Scholar report
