Fluid Mechanics: Open Access

Most marketed HA-based dermal fillers use chemical cross-linking to improve mechanical qualities and extend in vivo lifetime; nevertheless, stiffer formulations with greater elasticity necessitate a higher extrusion force for injection in clinical practise. To strike a balance between longevity and injectability, we suggest thermosensitive dermal filler that is injectable as a low viscosity fluid that gels in situ upon injection. In order to achieve this, HA was attached via a linker to poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM), a thermosensitive polymer, using "green chemistry" and water as the solvent. At normal temperature, HA-L-pNIPAM hydrogels had a relatively low viscosity (G′ was 105.1 and 233 for Candidate1 and Belotero Volume, respectively) and spontaneously produced a stiffer gel with submicron structure at body temperature. Hydrogel compositions were found to be more resistant to enzymatic and oxidative breakdown.

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The majority of commercially available HA-based dermal fillers use chemical cross-linking to enhance their mechanical characteristics and prolong their shelf life in vivo; nevertheless, more rigid and elastic formulations need a stronger extrusion force for injection in clinical settings. We suggest a thermosensitive dermal filler, injectable as a low viscosity fluid that undergoes in-situ gelation upon injection, to balance longevity and injectability. In order to do this, "green chemistry" was used to combine HA with a linker and a thermosensitive polymer called poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM). Water served as the solvent. At normal temperature, HA-L-pNIPAM hydrogels had a relatively low viscosity, but at body temperature, they spontaneously produced a stiffer gel with a submicron structure.