Journal of Clinical Case Reports

Abstract

Weiyun Chen

Background: Physical activity is essential to delaying cognitive decline and preventing cognitive impairment in older adults. We used the Social Ecological Model as the framework for designing an interpersonal-level and individual-level multicomponent PA intervention, 4Active, to increase PA participation and cognitive function in older adults living in retirement communities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the 4Active intervention to promote physical activity and cognitive function in older adults. Methods: Fifty-eight eligible older adults with a mean age of 83.83 years (76.3% females) living in two retirement communities voluntarily participated in this study. Forty subjects participated in the two-level 4Active intervention for 12 weeks and 18 subjects were in the control group. Each participant was pre- and posted tested on physical activity (PA) and cognitive flexibility. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with repeated measures Results: ANCOVA with repeated measures indicated that the intervention group had overall higher levels of the total PA and the moderate PA than the control group (F = 8.71, p = 0.005, η2 =0.141; F = 8.85, p = 0.004, η2=0.143). In addition, the intervention group showed pronounced increases in light PA (walking) over time, while the control group decreased light PA from baseline to the post-test (F = 6.91, p = 0.011, η2 =0.115). Regarding the results of cognitive flexibility, the ANCOVA with repeated measures revealed that intervention group had overall higher levels of cognitive function compared to the control group (F = 7.88, p = 0.007, η2 =0.129). Both groups showed significant increases in cognitive flexibility over time (F = 6.68, p = 0.013, η2 =0.112), but the intervention group had a smaller change in cognitive flexibility over time compared to the control group (F = 6.75, p = 0.012, η2 =0.113). Conclusions: The study indicated that engaging in technology-enhanced multicomponent exercises is an effective approach to contributing to physically active and cognitively competent aging. Keywords: Ideal Clinic; infrastructure; professional nurses