Heart and Vascular Institute,
Director, Cardiac Catheterization Lab, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
Tanzania
Review Article
Resistant Hypertension: A Comprehensive Overview
Author(s): Jacob C Jentzer, Omar Batal, Shivdev Rao and Aref RahmanJacob C Jentzer, Omar Batal, Shivdev Rao and Aref Rahman
Hypertension is a common, undertreated disease and a major risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal disease. As many as 20-30% of hypertensive patients have resistant hypertension, defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite 3 or more antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic, typically combined with a calcium-channel blocker and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker. Patients with resistant hypertension can often be controlled by adding a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and/or vasodilating beta-blocker. A significant number of patients will have a treatable secondary cause of resistant hypertension such as obesity, sleep apnea, renal insufficiency, primary aldosteronism or renal artery stenosis. For patients whose hypertension is refractory to preferred antihypertensives, use of third-line antihypertensives such as symp.. Read More»
DOI:
10.4172/2167-1095.1000111
Journal of Hypertension: Open Access received 477 citations as per Google Scholar report
