Journal of Forensic Research

Y-STR profiling is gaining interest in forensic investigations. However, differentiation resulting from genetic stratification by genetic relatedness could be very pronounced in specific populations and thus imposing a possible limitation to Y-STR applications. In Lebanon, published data showed that endogamy average rate amounts up to 88%. Thereby, it is essential to determine the effect of inbreeding on Y-STR haplotype match probability and its consequences upon the analysis of forensic and paternity studies in the Lebanese population. A total of 241 male samples from seven villages were tested with two different haplotype sizes using the Y-filer Kit (Applied Biosystems) which includes: DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS389I/II, DYS385a/b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS456, DYS456, DYS448 and Y-GATA-H4 systems, and the Y-23 Kit (Promega Corporation) which includes six extra systems: DYS576, DYS570, DYS549, DYS643, DYS533 and DYS481. Results showed that some haplotypes were common among unrelated males carrying different family names. The most common haplotype appeared as frequently as 19 times in 36 males from one village. The use of the Y-23 profile increased the haplotype diversity and discrimination power and decreased the match rate. Nevertheless, a significant number of profile matches among unrelated individuals belonging to the same village were still observed.

In this paper, author has discussed the simple tools which can be used for manufacturing a country made firearm. In a large number of cases, criminals in India are using country made firearms for commission of the crime. This is due to the fact that countries made firearms are cheap, easily available and the identity of the owner can be hidden after committing a crime. This paper is an attempt to make investigating officers aware about the fact that criminals /antisocial element are manufacturing country made firearms- simple katta as well as semi-automatic firearms by using tools which are easily available in the market.

Introduction: The genetic heterogeneity among Different populations has been a great challenge in establishing ethnicity. The variation of lip print patterns in an ethnic population may be a unique feature of that population and therefore has an important role in forensic practice and criminal investigations.

Aim: The aim of the study was to ascertain whether there are any differences in the distribution of lip print pattern among different populations of Egyptian, Malaysian and Sudanese students.

Method: In this descriptive study, one hundred-Fifty Two lip prints (belonging to three different ethnic groups) were collected and recognized based on the sorting of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s. Collected Data was statistically analysed.

Results: The result showed that Type I was the prevalent pattern among Egyptian males and females (48% and 41.4%). Type III showed high frequency in Malaysian female and males (34.0% and 30%). As regard Sudanese population Type I was the predominant pattern among males and females (37.9% and 38.0%). Chi square (χ2) test was performed among lip print patterns of the studied populations, There was a statistically significant difference in lip print pattern Type I between Egyptian and Malaysian females And between Malaysian and Sudanese females. Lip print Type III and Type VI showed significant difference between Malaysian and Sudanese females. There was significant statistical difference among Egyptian and Malaysian males as regards distribution of lip print pattern Type I and Type VI.

Conclusion: Lip print patterns distribution showed Potential difference among the different population groups, this could help to make the search gap narrower in forensic purposes and criminal investigations.