International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences

This paper highlights the important role of the four Emerging East Asian Economies (EEA-4), namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam in Asia. As China’s growth pattern is changing as it moves up the income ladder, and is likely to rely more on consumption and less on investment and exports, and more on services and less on industry, these offer opportunities for EEA economies, particularly the EEA-4 to expand their economies through trade and investment. The EEA-4 could tap these opportunities as they have 3Ds: Durable macroeconomic, Domestic consumption and Demographic dividend. Nonetheless, they still face challenges of 3Cs: Credit, Competition and innovation and Confronting inequality. These economies should focus on how to optimize the growth potential of high value added sectors which will be beneficial for income growth and long-term prosperity. They have to be able to tap into its large pool of labor, while progressively moving up the value chain in the manufacturing and services sectors.

This review paper was conducted to analyses the fish production, consumption and management trends in Ethiopia. The data was collected from primary and more secondary data. Following Eritrea’s secession from Ethiopia in 1993 and the consequent loss of its coastline, Ethiopia has only inland freshwater capture fisheries. There are 180 different species of fish in Ethiopia and 30 of those are native to the country. The total area of the lakes and reservoirs stands at about 7000 to 8000 km2 and the important rivers stretch over 7000 km in the country. Fishing contribution for country’s GDP is very low. Fish production potential of the country’s estimated 51,000 tonnes. Fresh fish are consumed in the vicinity of theakes. Outside these areas, the domestic market for fish is small. Since fishery production is overexploited due to inappropriate fishing practice the potential of fish was underdeveloped and the management rule and regulation at federal level and regional level to control the devastation was very poor.

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National constitution: A foundation for exemplary leadership and development in African transition economies. The study sets out to accomplish these objectives to: investigate the causes of the low speed accumulation of human capital; ascertain why Nigerian leaders make disastrous choices resulting in failing health and educational system as well as examine why Military Decree No 24 CFRN (1999) continues to serve as CFRNA in a democratic dispensation. The study used a secondary instrument for data collection from relevant journals, magazines, books and internet. The gap in literature shows that most African States are still chained to Military Decrees as their respective constitutions. The supreme court over rules itself, consequently any sovereign, military or civilian, can overrule itself. The findings are that: the military personnel attained minimal educational level, consequently, its decree No 24 CFRN (1999) perpetuates illiteracy; and the military rule left in its wake, a sad legacy of human rights violations, stunted national growth a corporatism and static state, increased corruption and posing the greatest threat to democracy and national integration. Based on these findings, the recommendations are that: Decree No 24 CFRNA is being stretched beyond its usefulness: This paper advocates for a transition period for the formulation of a progressive democratic constitution and the raising of the educational level to a good first Degree from a recognized university for membership of the National Assembly. The conclusion is that Decree 24 CFRNA (1999) and its – up to at least school certificate level turns retired wealthy military generals and officers as unprepared political leaders and actors politically. The Nigerian culture of illiteracy is the exact symbol of its laws.

In an era of continuing rising prices of commodities, fluctuating energy costs, high taxes, government regulations, capital shortage, worker dissatisfaction, intense foreign competition and inadequate productivity, throws a big challenge in managing manufacturing unit in SME sector. The performance of Indian SMEs is deteriorating rapidly and continually. For making these firms on track, certain patented methods and techniques need to be implemented for reducing the cost of manufacture. As the global companies are putting best drives to cut down the manufacturing cost by using all practices at par with productivity concept, it has been seen that Indian SMEs are still a victim of production or quantity game. Such a production-oriented philosophy is eroding its growth. In this context, we have put efforts to understand the concept of productivity as understood by SMEs and the status of its implementation in manufacturing system which has been found alarming. Based on the research findings, we have suggested certain drivers which need to be run immediately for the sustainability and growth. The paper further discusses the implications of study and highlights the new streams for future researchers in this area.

In my report I was motivated to find out the real impact for the Banks from the Operational risk regulatory framework and from the recommendations of the Basel committee in the studying of operational risk impact. This is not a criticism of the practical implementation in work but an invitation to hold the eyes open on the real situation. In this article the theory and practical work description with risk indicators, risk scenario planning, and ways of external data extrapolation. In conclusion there are several questions of the Operational risk and the main issues in the interpretation of external rules and regulations internally.

Savings of an individual is determined by his/her ability and willingness to save. Saving always comes first. Think of it as the foundation upon which your financial house is built. In a developing economy, majority of household savings are parked in financial rather physical assets. The most common form of Investment Avenue to the Indian investor is bank deposit, and the flow of household savings to the capital market is low. Though Indians are habituated with a high degree of saving, they are not ready to invest in financial assets, particularly in capital market securities. The question is why? The collection on small savings schemes are also comparatively less than bank deposits with similar term and features. Is it due to the very nature and characteristics of the investors or is it due to some criteria preferred by them while making an investment? The study has tried to find out answers to the above questions by conducting surveys among various investors. It also segmented the investors based on the criteria they consider while choosing an investment avenue and to know the characteristics of each segment of investors.

Unprecedented development in theory of economic organisations in past decades has brought about to significant evolution in understanding of essence and efficiency of agri-business organizations. Nevertheless traditional approach for assessing management and efficiency of economic organisationsis (“black-box” approach, through “technical or financial efficiency” of production factors, “productivity of employed resources”) is widly used. Concequently it cannot be excplained: why there are so many organizations performing with great variation in efficiency for long period of time. This paper incorporates achievements of interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics and suggests a framework for assessing management and efficiency of organizations for agri-biusiness and innovation. According to this new approach we have to study firm and farm as a governing rather than as production structure; assess comparative efficiency of alternative market, contract, internal, and hybrid modes of governance; take into account transaction costs and institutional, behavioral, dimensional, technological and natural factors; enrich (reformulate) criteria of economic efficiency of business organization; and better determine effective horizontal and vertical boundaries of business organisations. Specificity in the area of agri-business research and innovations is also clarified. Effective boundaries of different governing modes are assessed, and needs and forms for public intervention in agrarian research and innovation are clarified.

Services are intangible by nature. Services are heterogeneous and airline services are no exception to this. Services provided inside aircraft are intangible and highly variable. Airline services are highly personalized. The airline product is a highly perishable one. The airliner companies Management’s believe that, they are providing committed quality of service to the customers, but in the point of view of the customer, airliners’ are lacking in quality service. Airliners’ lacks in awareness about service quality and are not aware that giving better service to the customers helps in better company performances In view of the above there is ample scope of research in the area of Service offerings with a view of Customer Service in domestic airlines arena which has potential research possibilities in Indian Airlines Industry.

This paper showcases some of the findings in this direction with respect to Indian Domestic Airline Industry. It highlights to examine how the customers are feeling about the company’s services and its service quality. The two main constituents are the “quality expected or experienced” and “quality perceived” by the customer. As study on these variables, the Airlines best conforming to customers’ perceptions are Kingfisher Airlines and Indigo Airlines.

This report sets out to provide an analytical review and commentary along the literature about unlearning in organizations (UO). Since this issue has managerial importance, this paper provides significant motivation for deepening our understanding of the unlearning. The review covers the period from 1981 to 2013 inclusive and focused on organizational management. Theoretical and empirical works are analyzed from the perspective of content focus. Three research themes are discussed: Antecedents (levels, process and facilitator), dimensions (cognitive, behavioral and contextual) and consequences (benefits and harms) of UO. The paper also concerns unanswered questions in each trend. Finally, an outline of topics requiring further research is offered.

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is a primary means of measuring the effectiveness of healthcare delivery. Patients have explicit desires for quality services when they visit health institutions. However, inadequate discovery of their needs may result in patient dissatisfaction. Hence, this study aimed to determine the level and determinants of patient satisfaction with outpatient department of Deberebirhan referral hospital, North Shoa, Ethiopia Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was conducted from April 1-30,2013. Systematic random sampling technique was used to get a total of 414 outpatient clients/service users/. Data was collected using pretested, structured and interviewer administered questionnaire, and it was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Both Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were computed to identify the associated factors. Results: The overall patient’s satisfaction in health care services rendered at Deberebirhan Referral Hospital was 57.7%. Majority of the patients were satisfied with the quality of medical instruments 368(88.9%).On the contrary, Majority of the patients were not satisfied with the availability of drinking water 320(77.3%). Provision of prescribed drugs [AOR: 4.304(1.139-14.606)], older age [AOR: 3.353(1.628-6.905)], higher educational status [AOR: 0.392(0.188-0.818)] and those who were not charged for service[AOR: 2.510(1.518-4.150)] were significantly associated with patient satisfaction. Conclusion and recommendation: The overall patient’s satisfaction in Deberebirhan referral hospital was relatively high. However, lack of drugs and supplies, and long waiting time were found to be the major causes of dissatisfaction. Therefore, the Hospital management should understand these service areas and plan for a better service delivery.

This research was conducted in order to assess and evaluate the attitude of Youth and Young graduates towards entrepreneurial skill acquisition in Abeokuta town, Ogun state, South West, Nigeria. The study identified the specific needs of youths in entrepreneurship; attitude of the young graduates towards entrepreneurship skills and also identified the factors affecting entrepreneurial characteristics among the Youth/Young graduates. A structured questionnaire was used for the study. The questionnaire was distributed to participants at Muda Lawal Stadium, Abeokuta, Ogun state when they converged for immigration interview in March, 2014. Thus, the sample size used for the study comprised valid 400 respondents which represents 20% of the unemployed youths in attendance. The statistical tool for analyzing the data and interpretation was the chi-square (non-parametric) statistical technique and percentage counts. The study revealed that most of the Youths/Young graduates had little or no knowledge about entrepreneurship education and training from their respective tertiary institutions. Therefore, entrepreneurship training should be part of programmes of National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) in Nigeria to make the fresh graduate self-employed after a year mandatory programme to serve their father land. The National Universities Commission (NUC) should mandate all Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria to create Entrepreneurship development centre and put in place two compulsory courses on entrepreneurship for all undergraduate students’ irrespective of their discipline. Governments at all levels can also support with funding schemes, tax policies through micro enterprises and the supply of needed infrastructures, business information and advices.

The main objective of the study was to assess the opportunities and challenges of Ethiopia commodity exchange for the members of the agricultural product export. This study used both primary and secondary sources of data. This study employed descriptive type of research and it employed a census research strategy to capture the relevant information from the respondent. The target population of the study was ECX members particularly the exporters. In this study the researcher used both semi structured questionnaire and unstructured interview. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the study indicated that ECX members particularly exporters have got the opportunity of market access, increment of sales volume and profit through ECX. In contrary, unsatisfied with communication and transportation service; lack of complete, accurate and accessible international marketing information, lack of adequate warehouses, grading and sampling system, higher penalty cost for not withdrawing commodities from the warehouses on time were found to be some of challenges of ECX for the members of the agricultural product export in ECX. Finally, to enhance the contribution of ECX and to alleviate the challenges of ECX for the members, it is recommended that ECX has to: - provide complete, accurate and easily accessible marketing information; rent or build adequate warehouse. It also advised that quality grading specialists of the exchange should treat all ECX members equally & build the elements of physical infrastructure that support commodity exchange.

In this study the family aspects are probed to throw more limelight into the influence of family purchase roles, conflict resolution style in the current family purchase attitude-decision making- purchase behavior with specific relevance to urban Kerala families of Kochi, the fastest growing metro in Kerala, for the entire spectrum of consumer durable products, in view of high standard of living. The family dynamics are well brought out through this Family decision Unit (FDU) study on purchase of durables.