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Article Name - Prevalence of Adverse Analytical Findings (AAF) Among Athletes in Kuwait (2022-2023): Results from the Kuwait Antidoping Program

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  • Keywords Prevalence • Prohibited substance • Prohibited method • Sport • Wada • Aaf ... 2025-07-09
  • Abbreviations AAF: Adverse Analytical Findings; AAS: Anabolic Androgenic Steroids; ABP: Athlete Blood Passport; ADAMS: The Administration And Management System Platform; ADRV: Anti-Doping Rule Violation; ANOVA: One ... 2025-07-09
  • Introduction Doping, or the use of prohibited substances, poses a significant challenge to the sports field, leading to violations of the principle of fair competition. Since its inception in 1999, the World Anti- ... 2025-07-09
  • Method Study design and data extraction A cross-sectional study was conducted using data extracted from the WADA - Administration and Management System (ADAMS) platform with the ethical approval of KADA adm ... 2025-07-09
  • Results Table 1 provides a summary of the demographic characteristics of the analyzed samples for 667 athletes. The largest age group of the sample included athletes aged between 16 and less than 30 years old ... 2025-07-09
  • Discussion To our knowledge, this study is the first to present an overview about the prevalence of prohibited substance usage among athletes in Kuwait. This research investigates the demographic characteristics ... 2025-07-09
  • Conclusion In conclusion, the prevalence of prohibited substance usage among athletes in Kuwait highlights a pressing issue that requires immediate attention. The results underscore the need for enhanced awarene ... 2025-07-09
  • Declaration Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval was taken from the ethical committee under the head of KADA administration to use data from ADAMS for research purposes, and informed conse ... 2025-07-09
  • Data Availability The data used to support the results of this study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. ... 2025-07-09
  • Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. ... 2025-07-09
  • Funding The authors declare that they have not received funding for conducting this study. ... 2025-07-09
  • Authors Contribution The main author is responsible for data analysis and writing the manuscript, while the co-author is responsible for data collection processes and revising data. ... 2025-07-09
  • Acknowledgments The authors express gratitude to KADA for acceptance of using the test results obtained from doping controls performed in Kuwait. ... 2025-07-09
  • References Hurst, Philip. "World anti-doping agency." Routledge Handbook of Applied Sport Psychology: A Comprehensive Guide for Students and Practitioners (2023). Google Scholar, World An ... 2025-07-09